Ahmed et al. (2026) Application of Precision Agriculture and IoT-Based Smart Irrigation in Greenhouse Vegetable Production

Identification

• Journal: Physical Education Health and Social Sciences
• Year: 2026
• Date: 2026-03-20
• Authors: Zeeshan Ahmed, Muhammad Taimur Maqbool, Muhammad Abbas Khan, Zain Ul Abideen, Abdul Haq
• DOI: 10.63163/jpehss.v4i1.1226

Research Groups

• Department of Water Resources Management, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal
• Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
• Department of Horticulture, Balochistan Agriculture College Quetta
• Department of Agronomy, Agriculture University Peshawar
• Department of Agriculture Research Institute Balochistan Quetta

Short Summary

This review synthesizes the application of Precision Agriculture and IoT-based smart irrigation systems for optimizing greenhouse vegetable production, demonstrating significant reductions in water use and energy consumption while enhancing crop yield and nutrient efficiency.

Objective

• To synthesize the integration of IoT sensors, data analytics (AI/ML models), and automated actuators for real-time resource management in greenhouse vegetable production.

Study Configuration

• Spatial Scale: Global (review of case studies from China, Europe, and India), focused on greenhouse environments.
• Temporal Scale: Not explicitly defined for a single study; a review synthesizing existing literature and future directions.

Methodology and Data

• Models used: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Support Vector Machines (SVM).
• Data sources: IoT sensors (soil moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, microclimate monitors), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) using ZigBee/LoRa protocols.

Main Results

• IoT-based smart irrigation systems reduce water use by 20% to 50%.
• Crop yield is enhanced by 10% to 30%.
• Nutrient efficiency is improved.
• Energy savings of up to 40% are achieved through variable rate irrigation (VRI) and fertigation systems.
• Leaching is minimized.

Contributions

• Provides a comprehensive synthesis of the integration of Precision Agriculture and IoT technologies for optimizing greenhouse vegetable production.
• Highlights quantitative benefits in water, energy, yield, and nutrient efficiency based on global case studies.
• Identifies current challenges and outlines future research directions, including AI-driven digital twins, blockchain for traceability, and hybrid renewable energy integration.

Funding

• Not specified in the provided text.

Citation

@article{Ahmed2026Application,
  author = {Ahmed, Zeeshan and Maqbool, Muhammad Taimur and Khan, Muhammad Abbas and Abideen, Zain Ul and Haq, Abdul},
  title = {Application of Precision Agriculture and IoT-Based Smart Irrigation in Greenhouse Vegetable Production},
  journal = {Physical Education Health and Social Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.63163/jpehss.v4i1.1226},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.63163/jpehss.v4i1.1226}
}